Guhuza ikoranabuhanga ryo gusoma amakarita n'abakoresha inzugi bihita cyangwa bigatakaza ibintu bitatu: protocole, insinga, na relay time. Ibi bikore neza kandi guhuza bifata iminota 90 - ubisobanure nabi kandi uzakurikirana amakosa y'igihe gito mu gihe cy'ibyumweru byinshi.

Impamvu guhuza Access Control Binanirana — Kandi Impamvu Gake Cyane Biba Ikosa ry'Umukoresha w'Urugi

Nitwa Edison, kandi nshinzwe ibibazo by’imishinga mpuzamahanga n’ibisubizo bya OEM/ODM byihariye muri Ningbo Yufan Beifan Automatic Door Co., Ltd. Namaze imyaka irenga icumi mfasha abakwirakwiza n’abakiriya batanga serivisi zo kugura imishinga guhuza abakora inzugi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga na sisitemu zo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira - abasomyi ba amakarita, scanner za biometric, sisitemu zo kwinjira mu ma keypad, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo kurekura inzugi bishingiye kuri intercom. Muri icyo gihe, nabonye ibibazo bimwe byo guhuza bigaruka mu mishinga amagana, hatitawe ku kuba igikoresho cyo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira ari $200 HID EdgeReader cyangwa LenelS2 ifite $5,000.

Imiterere ihora ari imwe: icyuma gishyiramo ibikoresho gihuza igikoresho gisoma ikarita n'igikoresho cy'ushinzwe gusohora urugi. Gikora mu gihe cyo gutangira gukora. Nyuma y'ibyumweru bitatu, urugi ruhagarara rimwe na rimwe ku cyemezo cyemewe - cyangwa ikiruta byose, ruguma rufunguye igihe kirekire. Nyiri inyubako ashinja umukozi ushinzwe gusohora urugi. Haroherezwa umutekinisiye. Umukozi ushinzwe gusohora urugi agerageza neza mu buryo bwihariye.Kubera ko ikibazo kibaho rimwe na rimwe kandi umukozi ukorera umuryango anyura muri buri kibazo cyo gusuzuma ku giti cye., bityo impamvu nyamukuru - insinga, protocole, cyangwa kudahuza kw'igihe ku mupaka wo guhuza - imara ibyumweru bitaramenyekana.

Ndashaka gusobanura neza uburyo bwo kwirinda ibi. Ibikurikira ni uburyo bwo gushyira hamwe nohereza kuri buri wese ushyiraho porogaramu mbere yo guhuza porogaramu isoma amakarita n'ibikoresho byacu.Umukoresha w'urugi rwa YF150 rugenda rwikora— cyangwa undi muntu wese ukora akazi ko gukingura inzugi, muri urwo rwego.Kubera ko uburyo bwo guhuza ibimenyetso hagati yo kugenzura kwinjira no kwihutisha inzugi buri mu rwego rw'inganda zose, bityo amahame ari hano arakurikizwa hatitawe ku bikoresho by'uruganda ukoresha.

Uburyo Butatu bwo Guhuza: Porotokole, Insinga, n'Igihe

Guhuza buri mukoresha usoma amakarita hagati y’inzu n’inzu bikubiyemo uburyo butatu butandukanye bwo guhuza amakarita. Byose bigomba kuba ari byiza kugira ngo sisitemu ikore neza. Nzabisobanura mu buryo burambuye.

Interineti #1: Porotokole — Wiegand vs. OSDP vs. RS-485

Iyi porotoli igena uburyo igikoresho gisoma ikarita kivugana n'igikoresho gikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura imikorere - ndetse no mu gice gikurikira, uburyo igikoresho gikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura imikorere gitanga ikimenyetso ku mukozi ushinzwe amarembo kugira ngo akingure.Kubera ko Wiegand ari yo porotokoli ikomeye yo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira kuva mu myaka ya 1980, bityo hafi 85% by'abasoma amakarita bashyizwe mu nyubako z'ubucuruzi baracyakoresha Wiegand. Ni protocole yoroshye kandi ikoresha icyerekezo kimwe: umusomyi yohereza amakuru y'ubuziranenge ku mugenzuzi akoresheje insinga ya DATA0/DATA1. Umugenzuzi agenzura ubuziranenge bw'ubuziranenge kandi agatanga imbaraga ku musaruro wa relay. Umukozi ukorera urugi abona relay ifunze maze agakingura.

Uburyo bworoshye bwa Wiegand ni imbaraga zayo - n'intege nke zayo. Yohereza amakuru y'ubuziranenge mu nyandiko isanzwe, nta buryo bwo gusimbuza amakuru, kandi nta bitekerezo bitangwa n'umugenzuzi ku musomyi. Iyo umusomyi yangijwe cyangwa insinga z'itumanaho zangiritse, umugenzuzi ashobora kutabimenya. Niyo mpamvuSIA(Ishyirahamwe ry’Inganda z’Umutekano) ryakozweOSDP (Porotoli y'ibikoresho bigenzurwa n'abakoresha mudasobwa), ikoresha RS-485 itumanaho ry’insinga ebyiri hamwe n’uburyo bwo gusimbuza AES-128 no kugenzura impande zombi.

Ku muhuza w’irembo, itandukaniro rya protocole ni ingenzi mu buryo bumwe bwihariye:Abagenzuzi ba OSDP bashobora gutanga raporo ku buryo umuryango uhagaze kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjiraNiba umukozi ushinzwe urugi afite ubushobozi bwo gupima aho urugi ruherereye (YF150 yacu ikora — urufunguzo rw’urutare rukoresha ingufu za rukuruzi rufunga iyo urugi rugeze aho rufunguye neza), umuyobozi wa OSDP ashobora kugenzura niba urugi rwafunguye koko nyuma y’uko hatanzwe icyemezo cyemewe. Hamwe na Wiegand, umuyobozi ukoresha ingufu asubiza urufunguzo maze agafata ko urugi rwafunguye — nta buryo afite bwo kubigenzura.

Interuro #2: Insinga — Guhuza byumye, Isohoka ry'amashanyarazi, n'Imiterere itatu Isanzwe

Aha niho mbona amakosa menshi yo gukoresha insinga z'amashanyarazi. Isohoka rya relay ya access controller n'iy'itangira ry'ingufu by'ushinzwe amarembo bigomba kumvikana ku bwoko bw'ikimenyetso. Hari imiterere itatu isanzwe:

Imiterere A: Guhuza byumye, Bisanzwe Bifunguye (OYA) — Igipimo Rusange.Akamashini gashinzwe kugenzura ubwinjiriro gatanga uburyo bwo gufunga nta volteji bufunga akanya gato (ubusanzwe amasegonda 1-5) iyo ibyangombwa byemewe bisomwe. Icyerekezo cy'umukoresha w'urugi gishyirwaho kugira ngo gifunge neza. Iyo akamashini gafunga, umukoresha w'urugi abona uburyo bwo gufunga neza maze agatangira gufunguka. Iyi ni imiterere ikoreshwa na hafi 80% by'ibikoresho kandi ishyigikiwe na buri mukoresha w'urugi wikora nahuye na we, harimo n'uburyo bwose bwo muriUrutonde rw'ibicuruzwa bya YFBF.

Insinga zoroshye: ibyuma bibiri biyobora itumanaho kuva kuri relay ya access controller (NO na COM) kugeza kuri terminals z'imashini zitera ingufu z'umuryango. Nibyo rwose.Kubera ko relay itanga uburyo bwo kwitandukanya hagati y'icyuma gipima kwinjira n'ushinzwe kwakira urugi, bityo rero imiyoboro y'ubutaka, kudahuza neza kwa voltage, no guhuza urusaku rw'amashanyarazi - inkomoko eshatu zikunze kugaragara zo gutsindwa kwa interilation - bikurwaho n'iyi configuration.

Imiterere B: Ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi (12V cyangwa 24V DC).Amwe mu mamashini agenzura imikorere - cyane cyane moderi zishaje na sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zo kwinjira zishingiye kuri intercom - asohora ikimenyetso gikoresha ingufu aho gutanga ikimenyetso cyumye. Urugero, icyuma gikoresha 12V DC ku nsinga y'icyuma mu gihe cyose cyo gufungura. Iyo igikoresho gikoresha umuryango cyashyizweho kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu buryo bwumye kandi kikinjiza ikimenyetso gikoresha ingufu, ibisubizo bishobora kuva ku gukora buhoro buhoro kugeza ku kwangirika burundu kw'uruziga rw'ibikoresho. Nasimbuye amabati atatu agenzura imikorere y'ikigo mu myaka ibiri ishize kuko abashyiraho bahuzaga igikoresho gikoresha ingufu n'igikoresho gikoresha ingufu batagenzuye amashanyarazi.

Igenamiterere C: Kwirinda kwangirika / Kwirinda kwangirika hamwe n'inkongi y'umuriro.Mu nyubako z'ubucuruzi, sisitemu y'itangazo ry'umuriro igomba kuba ishobora kurenga uburyo bwo kugenzura kwinjira no gufunga inzugi kugira ngo zisohoke. Ibi bisaba ko habaho uburyo butandukanye bwo gukurura imbarutso ku rugi - igikoresho cy'itangazo ry'umuriro (FAI) iyo gishyizweho ingufu cyangwa kidakoreshejwe imbaraga (bitewe n'imiterere), gihatira urugi gufungura no kuguma rufunguye kugeza igihe ikibazo cy'itangazo ry'umuriro kirangiye.Kubera ko amategeko agenga inkongi mu turere twinshi asaba ko inzugi zikora zifunguye mu gihe habayeho intashyo y'umuriro., bityo insinga za FAI zigomba kwemezwa mu gihe cyo gutangira gukoresha ikizamini cy’inkongi y’umuriro — atari igenzura ry’uko ibintu bikomeza kugenda. Ibipimo ngenderwaho by’Ishyirahamwe ry’Igihugu rishinzwe Kurinda Inkongi z’Umuriro bigomba kwemezwa mu gihe cyo gutangira gukoresha ikizamini cy’inkongi y’umuriro — atari igenzura ry’uko ibintu bikomeza kugenda.NFPA 101Itegeko ry’umutekano w’ubuzima rigenga ibi bisabwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kandi amahame angana na yo arakurikizwa no mu zindi nzego.

Interuro #3: Igihe — Ubugari bwa Pulse yo Gusubiza hamwe n'igihe cyo Gufata-Gufungura

Interineti y'igihe niyo ihinduka ryirengagijwe cyane mu guhuza uburyo bwo kugenzura ubwikorezi - kandi niyo itanga serivisi nyinshi zo guhamagara. Hari ibipimo bibiri by'igihe bigomba guhuzwa:

Ubugari bw'impeta ya relay igenzura kwinjira:Iyi ni yo nshuro relay y'umugenzuzi iguma ifunze nyuma yo gusoma ibyangombwa byemewe. Ubusanzwe imikorere y'uruganda ni amasegonda 1, 3, 5, cyangwa 10 - kandi agaciro gashobora guhindurwa muri porogaramu ya porogaramu y'umugenzuzi. Niba ubugari bwa pulse ari bugufi cyane, umukoresha w'urugi ashobora kudashyiramo trigger. YF150 yacu isaba pulse ya trigger nibura milisegonda 100 (amasegonda 0.1), iri munsi cyane y'ubugari bwa pulse ya controller ifatika - ariko nahuye n'abagenzuzi aho ubugari bwa pulse bwashyizwe kuri milisegonda 50 mu gihe cyo gukora porogaramu, kandi umukoresha w'urugi ntiyigeze asubiza.

Igihe cyo gufunga umuryango:Dore igihe urugi rumara rufunguye nyuma yo kwakira ikimenyetso cy'imashini, mbere yo gutangira gufunga. Kuri YF150 yacu, ibi bishobora guhindurwa kuva ku masegonda 0 kugeza kuri 60 ukoresheje potentiometer iri ku kibaho cy'ubuyobozi. Igihe gikwiye cyo gufunga giterwa n'ikoreshwa: amasegonda 3-5 ku muryango usanzwe w'ibiro aho abantu banyuramo ku muvuduko usanzwe, amasegonda 10-15 ku muryango winjira mu bantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu kaga buriADAamabwiriza, n'amasegonda 20-30 ku miryango y'imizigo cyangwa y'ibitaro aho imiyoboro y'amazi n'imodoka zitwara ibikoresho zikenera igihe cyo kuva ku mupaka.

Kubera ko umuvuduko w'icyuma gipima ubwikorezi n'igihe cyo gufata gifunguye cy'ushinzwe gusohora urugi bishyirwaho ku giti cyabo kandi akenshi n'abatekinisiye batandukanye., bityo rero ndakugira inama yo kwandika imiterere yombi muri raporo yo gutanga serivisi no gushyiramo icyapa imbere y’inzu y’umukozi w’umuryango. Iyo serivisi ihamagawe nyuma y’amezi atandatu — "urugi ruguma rufunguye igihe kirekire cyane" cyangwa "urugi ntiruhora rufunguka ku giciro cya mbere" — umutekinisiye ashobora kugenzura imiterere yanditse akurikije imiterere iriho mu minota ibiri.

Ireferensi y'insinga: Guhuza YF150 na Controllers Rusange zo Kubona

Ndashaka gutanga uburyo bwihariye bwo guhamagara kuri operator wacu wa YF150, kuko mbaza ibi bibazo buri cyumweru. Ikibaho cyo kugenzura cya YF150 gifite agace kabigenewe k’aho gufatira ibintu gafite aho gahurira hagaragara:

• GUFUNGURA— Injira ry’urugi kugira ngo rufunguke (gufunga k’urugi hagati ya OPEN na GND)
• GND— Icyitegererezo cy'aho ikimenyetso giherereye
• GUFUNGA— Isohoka ry'urugi rwohereza ingufu (rihabwa ingufu iyo urugi rufunze, kugira ngo ruhuzwe n'urugi rwohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi)
• FAI— Injira ry'aho intero y'umuriro ituruka (ituma urugi rufunguka iyo rutangiye)
• POS— Isohoka rya sensor y'aho umuryango uherereye (urugi rw'urubingo, rufunze iyo umuryango ufunguye neza)

Kugira ngo habeho uburyo busanzwe bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira hamwe n'umuyoboro w'itumanaho wumye, insinga zikoreshwa n'ibyuma bibiri:igenzura OYA → YF150 IFUNGUYE, igenzura COM → YF150 GND.Iyo niyo mbonerahamwe yuzuye y'insinga ku kigero cya 80% by'ishyirwaho.

Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho bisaba guhuza inzogera y'umuriro, huza imbuga igenzura imbugera y'umuriro kuri terminal ya YF150 FAI. Iyo imbugera y'umuriro ifunze (cyangwa ifunguye, bitewe n'imiterere), YF150 ihatira urugi gufungura kandi igahagarika akazi ko gufunga byikora kugeza igihe inzogera y'umuriro irangiye.Kubera ko insinga z'intanga ngabo zishinzwe kuzimya inkongi zigomba gucungwa kugira ngo zigenzurwe neza - insinga yangiritse igomba gutuma habaho ikimenyetso cy'ikosa ku gice cy'intanga ngabo zishinzwe kuzimya inkongi., bityo rero, umurongo wa FAI ugomba gukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura resistor (EOL) hakurikijwe imiterere ya sisitemu y'intabaza y'umuriro. Ndakugira inama yo guhuza iyi nsinga n'umukozi ushinzwe intabaza y'umuriro mu gihe cyo gufunga, atari nyuma y'uko umukoresha w'umuryango ashyizweho.

Ibintu Bisanzwe Bikemura Ibibazo n'Inkomoko Yabyo

Mu myaka yashize, nakusanyije amakuru y’ibanze ku bibazo byo kwinjira mu buryo bwo kugenzura ikoranabuhanga hamwe n’impamvu zishobora kuba zibitera. Dore ibintu bine nkunda kubona kenshi:

Ikimenyetso: Urugi rurakinguka ku gishushanyo runaka ariko ahandi ntirukinguke.Impamvu ishoboka cyane ni urusaku rw'amashanyarazi ku nsinga z'icyuma gitera umuriro — cyane cyane iyo insinga y'icyuma ikora ijyanye n'insinga z'amashanyarazi ya AC ku burebure bwa metero zirenga 3.Kubera ko uburyo bwa YF150 trigger input butuma umuntu yumva neza aho ibintu biherereye (bumenya aho ibintu biva ku murongo ufunguye ujya ku murongo ufunze), bityo urusaku rwinshi ku murongo w’urusaku rushobora gusobanurwa nk’urusaku rwemewe — cyangwa, akenshi, rushobora gupfuka urusaku nyarwo. Igisubizo ni ugukoresha insinga irinzwe ku nsinga z’urusaku, hamwe n’insinga y’urusaku ihujwe n’ubutaka ku mpera y’umugenzuzi gusa. Ubundi buryo, niba kongera gushyira insinga bidashoboka, ongeramo capacitor ya ceramic ya 0.1 µF ku mashini za OPEN na GND ku muryango kugira ngo uyungurure urusaku rufite frequency yo hejuru.

Ibimenyetso: Urugi rufungura bisanzwe ariko ntirwigera rufunga.Reba imiterere y'igihe cyo gufata igihe (hold-open timer) mbere na mbere. Niba gishyizwe ku gipimo ntarengwa (amasegonda 60 kuri YF150 yacu), gabanya kugeza ku gipimo gikwiye kuri porogaramu. Niba igihe gishyizwe neza kandi urugi rutarafungwa, reba ikimenyetso cy'umutekano gikora.Kubera ko sensor y'umutekano ya YF150 ikuraho uruziga rwo gufunga — iyo sensor ibonye imbogamizi, urugi ntiruzifunga nubwo igihe cyagenwe., bityo rero, sensor y'umutekano idahuye neza cyangwa yanduye ni yo mpamvu ya kabiri ikunze gutera serivisi zo "gufunga urugi". Sukura lenses za sensor ukoresheje isopropyl alcohol kandi urebe neza ko zihuye n'icyuma gitanga urumuri cyangwa icyuma gitanga urumuri.

Ikimenyetso: Urugi ruhita rufungura iyo rumaze gushya nta kimenyetso na kimwe cyanditseho.Ibi hafi ya byose bigaragaza ko insinga z’icyuma zinjiramo zifunze — haba hari vis cyangwa drywall vis byinjiye mu mugozi, cyangwa se relay y’icyuma gipima ubwikorezi iba ifunze. Kuramo insinga z’icyuma zica kuri terminal block ya YF150. Iyo urugi ruhagaritse gufungura iyo rutangiye gucana, ikibazo kiri muri access controller cyangwa insinga. Niba urugi rukomeje gufungura iyo rutangiye gucana insinga z’icyuma zifunze, board ya YF150 ifite ikibazo — hamagara itsinda ryacu rishinzwe ubujyanama mu bya tekiniki.Kubera ko uburyo bwo gushyiramo ikimenyetso cy’imashini ikora ku buryo bugufi (shorted trigger input) bujyanye n’amashanyarazi n’ikimenyetso cy’imashini ikora ku buryo bufatika, bityo rero umukozi ukorera urugi ntashobora gutandukanya ibyo byombi — kandi uburyo bwonyine bwo gutandukanya ikibazo ni uguca insinga z’urugi ku mukozi ukorera urugi hanyuma ukagerageza buri gice ukwacyo.

Ikimenyetso: Gukora igihe gito bifitanye isano n'ikirere.Ibi ndabibona cyane mu miryango yo hanze aho icyuma gipima kwinjira gishyirwa mu cyumba kidashyushye.Kubera ko umwuka ushyushye kandi utose uhura n'ubuso bw'icyuma gikonje, uhinduka umukungugu., bityo rero, imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza mu byuma bigenzura inyuma ishobora kugira ogisijeni ikomeye ituma imiyoboro ifungana rimwe na rimwe. Umuti ni ukugena imiyoboro yo gukwirakwizamo ibikoresho bifunganye, byuzuyemo gazi (bifunganye mu buryo bw'umwuka) kugira ngo bishyirwemo inyuma, cyangwa gushyiraho icyuma gishyushya gikonjesha gikoreshwa mu buryo bw'umwuka kugira ngo umuyoboro ukomeze kuba hejuru y'aho amazi anyura.

Gutegura Ibizaza: Gutegura Ihuriro ry'Igenzura ry'Abo Ubona ku Inguzanyo za OSDP na Mobile Credentials

Abashinzwe gusobanura imishinga barushaho kumbaza bati: "Ese tugomba gukomeza gushyiraho abasomyi ba Wiegand, cyangwa tugomba gukomeza gukoresha OSDP mu gihe kizaza?" Igisubizo cyanjye giterwa n'igihe umushinga uzamara n'ibisabwa mu mutekano w'inyubako.

Iyo inyubako ifunguye mu mezi 12 ari imbere kandi ibisabwa ku mutekano bikaba byoroshye — kubona ibirango by'abakozi mu masaha y'akazi, nta bisabwa ku igenzura uretse igihe cy'ibanze cyo kuyitabira — Wiegand iracyari amahitamo yemewe rwose. Ibikoresho birahendutse, buri mutekinisiye wese ugenzura kwinjira azi uburyo bwo kubishyiramo, kandi bikora neza na buri wese ukora akazi ko gushyiramo inzugi ku isoko.

Ariko, niba umushinga ufite igihe cy'amezi 24, niba ibipimo by'umutekano bisaba itumanaho rihishe, cyangwa niba nyir'inyubako ashaka gushyigikira ibyangombwa bya telefoni zigendanwa (uburyo bwo gukoresha telefoni zigendanwa binyuze kuri NFC cyangwa Bluetooth), ndagusaba cyane kugaragaza OSDP.Kubera ko abasomyi ba OSDP n'abagenzura bahuza inyuma n'insinga za Wiegand — insinga imwe y'amakonsori ane itwara Wiegand ishobora kongera guhagarara kuri OSDP RS-485, bityo ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo by’insinga ni rimwe. Itandukaniro ry’ikiguzi riri mu bikoresho by’abasomyi n’ibigenzura, ibyo bikaba biri kugenda bigabanuka: abasomyi ba OSDP ubu bagura amafaranga agera kuri 15-25% kurusha abasomyi ba Wiegand bangana, ugereranyije na 40-50% mu myaka itatu ishize.

Ku ruhande rw'umukoresha w'urugi, uburyo bwo guhuza ntibuhinduka. Yaba igikoresho cyo kugenzura amarembo kivuga Wiegand cyangwa OSDP, gikomeza gufunga relay y'urugi kugira ngo gitere umukoresha w'urugi. Iryo funga relay rirasa n'iry'amashanyarazi hatitawe ku buryo bwo hejuru.Kubera ko umukozi ukorera umuryango abona gusa umusaruro wa relay — ntabwo ari protocole, bityo rero guhitamo kwawe Wiegand vs. OSDP nta ngaruka bifite ku buryo umukozi w’inzugi ahura n’ibyiza. Iki ni cyo kibazo nkunda gusubiza, kandi igisubizo gihora ari kimwe: umukozi w’inzugi ntacyo abivugaho.