Impamvu Ibyinshi mu Bikoresho Bigenzura Inzugi Bikora Bidakora ku Miterere y'Urugendo Nyarwo

Niba warigeze kureba urugi rwihuta rwihuta, rudatinda, cyangwa rufunga cyane mu cyumba cy’ubucuruzi cyuzuyemo abantu benshi, wabonye icyuma gikoresha ikoranabuhanga cyagenewe imiterere myiza—atari ikoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe. Nabonye ibi bibaho incuro nyinshi mu mwuga wanjye wo mu nganda z’inzugi, kandi byarantunguye cyane.Kubera ko abagenzuzi benshi b’inzugi bo mu cyiciro cyo hasi bishingikiriza ku buryo buhoraho bwo kumenya igihe, ntibashobora guhuza n’impinduka z’urujya n’uruza rw’imodoka mu buryo bufatika.Kubera iyo mpamvu, ntibatanga uburambe bubi ku bakoresha kandi ntibakoresha imashini cyane.

Ubwo ninjiraga mu nganda zikora inzugi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu 2014, uburyo bwo kuzigenzura bwari bworoshye: igihe cyo gufungura urugi mu masegonda X, cyakozwe na sensor y'uburyo bwo kugenda. Yakoraga neza mu bihe by'imodoka nke. Ariko, mu bidukikije bitwara abantu benshi—mu maduka, mu duce tw'ibitaro, ku kibuga cy'indege—uburyo bwo kuzigama bwaranze. Inzugi zagumaga zifunguye igihe kirekire mu masaha atari ay'umuvuduko (zapfushaga ingufu za HVAC) cyangwa zigafunga vuba cyane mu bihe by'umuvuduko (bitera impanuka z'umutekano).

Igisubizo cyaje gifite ibikoresho byo kugenzura byateguwe na microprocessor. Bitandukanye n'ibyabanjirije ibipimo ngenderwaho, aba bagenzuzi b'ubwenge bahora bapima amakuru ya sensor, bagasesengura imiterere y'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu, kandikongera gukoresha torque ya moteri, ubwihutishe bw'imodoka, n'intera zo gufunga feri mu buryo bwikorahashingiwe ku bunararibonye bwakusanyijwe. Kubera ko sisitemu yigira ku mateka yayo y'imikorere, buri gushyiraho bigenda birushaho kunozwa neza bitewe n'ibidukikije byayo.

Imiterere ya sisitemu y'umuryango igenzurwa na microprocessor

Sisitemu igezweho yo kugenzura inzugi ikoresha microprocessor igizwe n'ibice bine bifatanye: urwego rw'imashini igenzura, urwego rw'imashini igenzura, urwego rw'amashanyarazi, n'urwego rw'imikorere ya mekanike. Gusobanukirwa uburyo ibi bice bikorana ni ingenzi ku muntu wese ugena, ushyiraho, cyangwa ukomeza gukoresha sisitemu z'inzugi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga.

Icyiciro cya sensor: Gushakisha amakuru ajyanye n'ibidukikije mu gihe nyacyo

Urusobe rw'amajwi rurimo ibikoresho bipima ikirere bikoresha infrared, ibikoresho bipima uburebure bw'umuvuduko (imitako y'ibirenge cyangwa imirasire ya laser), ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'ibikoresho bipima microwave kugira ngo bishyirwe hanze. Ibi bikoresho bitanga amakuru ahoraho ya binary cyangwa analog kuri microprocessor ku gipimo cyo gupima ubusanzwe kiri hagati ya 10 Hz na 50 Hz.Kubera ko microprocessor ishobora gutunganya imiyoboro myinshi y’amajwi icyarimwe, ishobora gutandukanya umuntu wegera ku ruhande n’ugenda yerekeza ku mupaka.Ubu bushobozi bwo kuvangura bukuraho ibintu bitari byo byibasira sisitemu zoroshye zishingiye ku gihe.

Icyiciro cy'Ishami ryo Kugenzura: Ubwonko bwa Sisitemu

Igice cyo kugenzura cyubatswe gikikije microcontroller cyangwa microprocessor—ubusanzwe ni core ya ARM Cortex ya 16-bit cyangwa 32-bit ikora ku muvuduko w'isaha uri hagati ya 48 MHz na 200 MHz. Aha niho ubuhanga bwo kwigira bubera. Firmware ikoresha imashini ya finite state (FSM) icunga imiterere y'inzugi:Kutagira icyo ukora, Irimo gukoresha, Gufungura, Gufungura, Gusoza, naIkosaImpinduka hagati y’ibihugu ntizigengwa gusa n’ibikoresho bya sensor, ahubwo zigengwa n’ibipimo by’ihindagurika sisitemu yize uko igihe cyagiye gihita.

Mu masaha 72 ya mbere y’akazi, ishami rigenzura rikora mu buryo bwo “kwiga,” aho ribaka imiterere y’umuhanda w’ibanze binyuze mu kwandika inshuro zikoreshwa mu gushyira mu bikorwa inzugi, igihe mpuzandengo cyo kwambuka, n’umuvuduko w’ibibazo bihura n’imbogamizi.Kubera ko uburyo bwo kwigiraho bupima cyane amakuru agezweho kurusha amakuru y’amateka (ikigereranyo cyo kwimuka cy’ikigereranyo cy’ibipimo by ...—nk'ubwiyongere bw'umubare w'abanyamaguru mu bihe by'iminsi mikuru cyangwa igabanuka ry'ibiruhuko bya kaminuza.

Ingufu z'ikoranabuhanga: Gutwara moteri ya DC idafite brushless ya 24V

Urusobe rw'amashanyarazi ruhindura amashanyarazi mains (110V/220V) muri 24V DC igenzurwa kandi igatwara moteri y'umuryango wa DC (BLDC) ifite ibice bitatu inyuze mu kiraro cy'inverter gifite ibice bitatu. Nagakwiye gushimangira koGuhitamo ikoranabuhanga rya moteri ya 24V BLDC si ukwihitiramo—bigena mu buryo butaziguye uburyo sisitemu ikoresha ingufu, imikorere y'ubushyuhe, ndetse n'igihe ikora.Ugereranyije na moteri zisanzwe zikoresha AC brushed, moteri za BLDC zikuraho igihombo cya commutator brush friction, ibyo byonyine bitanga umusaruro mwiza wa 15-20%.

Mu gice cyacu cya YF150 kigenda gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "automatic sliding door operator", twashyizeho moteri za 24V BLDC zifite sensors za Hall-effect position. Iyi "control unit" ikoresha "space-vector PWM modulation" kugira ngo igere ku muvuduko woroshye mu rwego rwose rw'umuvuduko. Ingaruka ni uko urujya n'uruza rw'urugi rwumva ari ibisanzwe ku bakoresha - kwihuta buhoro mu gutangira, intera yo kugenzura, no kugabanya umuvuduko mbere yo gufunga burundu.Kubera ko microprocessor ikomeza gukurikirana uko moteri ibona ibisubizo bya EMF, imenya ibibazo by’imizigo (nk’inzira y’umuryango igoramye cyangwa uburyaryate bwinshi bw’aho ikorera) kandi ikabyishyura mu buryo bwikora binyuze mu kongera umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi.

Icyiciro cy'imikorere ya Mekaniki: Kuva ku kuzenguruka kugeza ku kugenda kw'umurongo

Urupapuro rw'imikorere ya mekanike ruhindura umusaruro wa moteri uzenguruka moteri igenda mu buryo bugororotse binyuze mu mikandara y'imikandara, imikandara igabanya ingufu, cyangwa sisitemu z'iminyururu. Ku nzugi zigenda zihindagurika, imikandara y'imikandara y'amenyo ni yo gisubizo gikunze kugaragara kuko itanga ubushobozi bwo kohereza ubutumwa bwinshi (ubusanzwe 90-95%), urusaku ruto, kandi idakora neza mu gihe cy'imyaka 8-10 mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa risanzwe. Igice cy'ubugenzuzi gikurikirana aho urugi ruherereye binyuze mu gice cy'icyuma gifata amajwi cyashyizwe iruhande rw'inzira, gitanga igisubizo ku miterere y'icyuma gifata amajwi.

Imirimo yo Kwigira: Uburyo Imitekerereze Ihindagurika Ikora Mu By'ukuri

Ijambo "kwigira ku giti cyawe" rikoreshwa mu kwamamaza ku rugi mu buryo bwikora. Reka nsobanure neza icyo logic idahinduka bivuze mu buryo bw'ubuhanga, n'impamvu ituma habaho kunoza imikorere mu buryo bufatika mu gushyiraho ibikoresho nyabyo.

Isesengura ry'imiterere y'ibinyabiziga n'uburyo ibipimo bihinduka

Firmware yigenga muri microprocessor nziza y’urugi igenzura amakuru azenguruka mu mizingo 10.000 iheruka (cyangwa iminsi 30 y’imikorere, icyo ari cyo cyose kiza mbere). Muri iyi mibare, sisitemu ikuramo ibipimo bitatu by’ingenzi byo guhangana n’ibibazo:

• Igihe cyo gufungura:Igihe urugi rumara rufunguye neza nyuma y'uko umunyamaguru afunguye umupaka. Sisitemu y'ibanze ishyiraho ibi mu masegonda 3-5 adahinduka. Sisitemu yo kwigiraho ihindura ibi mu buryo buhamye ishingiye ku makuru nyayo y'igihe cyo kwambuka.Kubera ko sisitemu yamenye ko urujya n'uruza rw'abantu mu masaha y'akazi kenshi rutuma igihe cyo kwambuka kirushaho kuba kirekire kurusha igihe kitari icy'akazi kenshi, yongera igihe cyo guhagarara mu gihe cy'akazi kenshi.—kugabanya ububabare buterwa no "gufatwa" n'urugi rufunga.
• Inzira zo kwihutisha no kugabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi:Izi parametre zigenzura uburyo moteri yihuta cyane kandi zigagabanya umuvuduko w'urugi. Mu gihe cy'ubukonje, ibice bya mekanike bigabanuka gato, byongera ubukana bw'inzira. Imashini igenzura ubwayo imenya ko moteri ikura cyane mu gihe cy'ubukonje kandi ikagabanya umuvuduko mu gihe cy'ingendo 5-10 za mbere, ikarinda imbaraga za mekanike zidasaba imbaraga zikozwe n'intoki.
• Uburyo bwo gutahura inzitizi:Igipimo cy’umutekano gikoreshwa mu gupima ibintu kirahinduka. Mu bidukikije birimo ivumbi ryinshi (ahantu hubatswe, ahantu ho kuvugurura), ibyuma bipima ibintu bikoresha infrared bishobora gutanga ibimenyetso by’inzitizi zitari zo. Uburyo bwo kwigiramo bugaragaza ko isesengura ry’ibikoresho mu gihe cy’ivumbi ryinshi rigaragaza agaciro k’ibanze gakomeye, kandi buhindura igipimo cyo kumenya ibintu kikazamuka kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho kongera gukurura ibintu mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe bukomeza kugira uburyo nyabwo bwo kwirinda.

Kwisuzuma no Kumenyesha Ibijyanye no Kwita ku Murwayi

Uretse ibipimo bihuza n’urujya n’uruza rw’imodoka, ibikoresho bigezweho byo kugenzura inzugi za microprocessor bikoresha uburyo bwo kwisuzuma bukora muri buri ruziga rw’umuryango. Ubu buryo bugenzura imiterere y’amashanyarazi ya moteri, uburyo bwo gukodesha neza aho imashini ihagaze, n’igihe cy’uruziga kigenda neza.Iyo moteri irengeje ingufu z’amashanyarazi ku kigero cya mbere kirenze 20% mu gihe cy’amasaha 50 yikurikiranya, umugenzuzi w’amashanyarazi yandika kode yo gusuzuma indwara kandi agashobora kumenyesha imicungire y’ikigo binyuze muri Modbus cyangwa BACnet—mbere yuko moteri inanirwa cyane.Ubu bushobozi bwo kubungabunga ibintu mbere y’igihe ni bwo butuma abakora inyubako benshi bagena ibikoresho by’ubugenzuzi by’ubwenge ndetse no mu gushyiraho inzugi imwe: ikiguzi cy’ikiguzi ni gito, ariko igabanuka ry’ihamagara ry’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ni rinini.

Guhuza Inzugi Nyinshi: Uburyo bwo Gufungura Buhuje Ubuhanga

Guhuza imiryango myinshi ni kimwe mu bintu by'agaciro gakomeye biboneka muri sisitemu zo kugenzura inzugi zishingiye kuri microprocessors, nyamara ntibivugwa neza mu mishinga myinshi y'inyubako z'ubucuruzi. Nabonye abayobozi b'imishinga y'ubwubatsi bafata buri rugi nk'igice cyigenga, ariko nyuma yo gushyirwaho basanga gufunguka icyarimwe mu nzira y'umuhanda bitera urujya n'uruza rw'abanyamaguru mu kajagari.

Ikibazo cyo guhuza: Impamvu gufungura icyarimwe binanirana

Tekereza ku muhanda usanzwe w’ikibuga cy’indege ufite inzugi enye zigenda zihindagurika ziherereye ku ntera ya metero 30. Iyo inzugi zose uko ari enye zifunguye icyarimwe iyo umunyamaguru yegereye imwe muri zo, uwo muhanda ugira ikibazo cy’umuvuduko w’umwuka muke ariko ukomeye, bigatuma habaho umuyaga uhindagurika, inzugi zigacika, ndetse n’ingufu zituruka ku mwuka ushyushye. Ukurikije uko umunyamaguru abibona, gufungura icyarimwe ku nzugi nyinshi bitera urujijo mu buryo bw’amaso kandi byongera umutwaro wo gutekereza wo gutegura inzira.

Kubera ko sisitemu zihuza imiryango myinshi zikoresha itumanaho rya RS-485 ritandukanye rya bisi, umugenzuzi mukuru umwe ashobora gutanga amabwiriza afunguye kuri serve units zose zifite igihe kirenze milisegonda 10.Uku gukora neza ni ingenzi mu gutuma abantu babona uko abanyamaguru bagenda mu buryo busanzwe aho kuba uburyo bwo gushushanya inzugi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.

Urutonde rw'ifungurwa n'isozwa ry'ibitarasobanuka

Imiterere y’ubuhanga bw’abacakara ituma sisitemu ishyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gufungura buteye ukwayo. Iyo umunyamaguru afunguye Umuryango wa 1, sisitemu itangira gukubita: Umuryango wa 1 uhita ufungura, Umuryango wa 2 ufungura nyuma yo gutinda kw’amasegonda 0.8, Umuryango wa 3 ufungura nyuma yo gutinda kw’amasegonda 1.6, n’Umuryango wa 4 ufungura nyuma yo gutinda kw’amasegonda 2.4. Uburyo bwo kurangiza buhindura iyi miterere.Kubera ko umuvuduko w'abanyamaguru mu kugenda uri hagati ya metero 1.2 na 1.4 ku isaha mu nzira, ubu buryo buhuza imiterere butanga "umukandara wo gutwara abantu" utuma urujya n'uruza rw'abantu rukomeza kugenda neza nta gukururana.

Twashyize mu bikorwa uru rutonde rw’ibice bitandukanye mu mushinga w’isoko ry’ubucuruzi i Hangzhou mu 2022, aho umukiriya yari afite inzugi 12 zigenda zinyura mu buryo bwikora mu muhanda munini wa metero 200. Isesengura ry’urujya n’uruza rw’imodoka nyuma yo gushyiraho ryagaragaje koKugabanuka kwa 37% mu gihe cyo gutegereza abagenzi bambukiranya umuhandanaKugabanuka kwa 22% mu ikoreshwa ry'ingufubyatewe no kugabanuka kw'igihe cyo gufungura inzugi icyarimwe. Igenzura ry'ingufu za HVAC ryemeje ko buri mwaka hagabanutse amafaranga agera ku bihumbi 47.000 by'amanyarwanda.

Imyitwarire idahwitse mu miyoboro y'itumanaho ifite imiryango myinshi

Kimwe mu bisabwa by'ingenzi mu bijyanye no guhuza inzugi nyinshi ni imyitwarire idapfa. Iyo umuyobozi mukuru abuze uburyo bwo kuvugana n'igikoresho cy'ubucakara, umucakara agomba gusubira mu kazi ke bwite nta kibazo.Kubera ko buri rugi ruri mu muyoboro uhuza ibyuma rugumana uburyo bwarwo bwo kugenzura umutekano, ikibazo cy’itumanaho kiri kuri master ntigihagarika uburyo bwo kumenya inzitizi cyangwa imikorere y’ubutabazi bwihutirwa.Iri hame ry’igishushanyo mbonera—ubwigenge bw’aho batuye hamwe n’ubufatanye buhuriweho—ni ingenzi mu bikorwa by’ingenzi mu mutekano mu bitaro, inzira zo guhungiramo inkongi y’umuriro, n’aho abantu binjira bakurikije amategeko ya ADA.

Iyubahirizwa ry'Amahame y'Umutekano: Ibyo Abakora Inyubako Bagomba Kumenya

Umutekano w’inzugi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ugenzurwa n’inzego nyinshi zishinzwe amahame ajyanye n’imikorere yazo, kandi kutubahiriza amategeko bitera ingaruka zikomeye ku nshingano. Reka mvuge ku mahame y’ingenzi agenga ibikoresho byo kugenzura inzugi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu masoko akomeye.

EN 16005 (Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi)

ItsindaIbipimo ngenderwaho bya EN 16005, yakozwe na Komite y'Uburayi ishinzwe Ubuziranenge (CEN), igaragaza ibisabwa mu mutekano ku nzugi n'amarembo by'abanyamaguru bikoresha amashanyarazi. Ku byuma bigenzura, EN 16005 itegeka ko:

• Kumenya inzitizi bigomba gutuma habaho gusubira inyuma burundu (nibura urugendo rw'urugi rwa mm 50) mu masegonda 0.5 uhereye igihe bigeze.
• Ibikoresho byo kugenzura uko ibintu biri bigomba kuba bikora igihe cyose urugi ruri gukora—nta buryo bwo "gushyiraho hanyuma ukibagirwa" butuma ibikoresho byo kugenzura uko ibintu biri mu kazi bihagarara mu masaha runaka.
• Guhagarika byihutirwa bigomba guhita bihagarika urugi rwimuka kandi bikabuza ko rutangira gukora mu buryo bwikora kugeza igihe ruzasubirwamo n'umuntu ku giti cye.
• Ibigo bigenzura bigomba kwandika imiterere y'ikosa kugira ngo bisuzumwe, byibuze iminsi 30 yo kubika ububiko

UL 325 (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Kanada)

ItsindaIgipimo cya UL 325 gisanzweKuva kuri Underwriters Laboratories igenzura umutekano wa sisitemu z’inzugi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu bucuruzi no mu nganda muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Iri hame ritandukanya ubwoko butatu bw’abakoresha amarembo/inzugi, hamwe n’ibisabwa byihariye kuri buri kimwe.Kubera ko UL 325 isaba ko ibikoresho bigenzura inzugi byikora bikorerwa isuzuma n’urutonde rw’abantu batatu, abakora inyubako bagomba kugenzura ko ibikoresho byabo bigenzura bifite ikimenyetso cya UL cyemewe mbere yo kubishyiraho.Ibi si ibisabwa gusa mu mpapuro—ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ritari ku rutonde rw’abashinzwe ubwishingizi bw’inyubako rishobora gukuraho ubwishingizi bw’inyubako.

Guhuza na sisitemu zo kwihutisha imikorere y'inyubako

Ibikoresho bigezweho byo kugenzura inzugi byikora bikorana na sisitemu zikora mu buryo bwikora (BAS) binyuze muri porogaramu zisanzwe zirimo Modbus RTU (RS-485), BACnet/IP, na TCP/IP-based APIs. Uku guhuza bituma abayobozi b'ibigo bashobora gukurikirana inzugi zose mu nyubako bakoresheje dashboard imwe, kwakira amakuru y'ikosa mu gihe nyacyo, no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda zo kwinjira mu nzu zishingiye ku gihe.Kubera ko Modbus RTU ari protocole ikuze kandi yemewe ifite imyaka myinshi ikoreshwa mu nganda, iracyari uburyo bushyigikiwe cyane mu guhuza porogaramu haba mu mishinga ya kera ndetse no mu mishinga mishya ya BAS.Iyo nshyizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura umushinga wo guhuza BAS, nemeza ko porotoli ishyigikiwe n’uruganda rukora porogaramu igenzura inzugi ndetse n’uruganda rugurisha BAS—amakarita yo kwiyandikisha adahuye ni bumwe mu buryo bukunze kugaragara bwo gutsindwa mu guhuza porogaramu.

Guhitamo Ishami Rikwiye Rigenzura Inzugi: Uburyo bwo Gufata Ibyemezo Bifatika

Nyuma yo gukurikirana ibibazo byinshi by’imishinga ku bijyanye n’inzugi zikora mu buryo bwikora mu bigo by’ubucuruzi, ibya leta n’inganda, nateguye uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo bufasha amakipe ashinzwe gutanga amasoko y’imishinga guhitamo ishami rishinzwe kugenzura rikwiye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye.

Isuzuma ry'ubwinshi bw'imodoka

Igipimo cya mbere kandi cy'ingenzi ni ingano y'imodoka zigenda ku munsi. Porogaramu zikoresha imodoka nke (ziri munsi ya 500 ku munsi) zishobora gukorana n'ibikoresho by'ibanze bikoresha igihe, ariko muri rusange ndasaba ibikoresho bikoresha microprocessor ndetse no ku bikoresho bito kuko ikiguzi cy'imodoka ari gito kandi iterambere ryizewe ni rinini.Ku bijyanye no gushyiraho imiyoboro iciriritse (amasaha 500-2.000 ku munsi), imashini igenzura mikorosikopi ifite uburyo bwo kwiyigisha bwo guhindura imikorere ni ngombwa cyane.—ihindagurika ry’urujya n’uruza rw’imodoka mu masaha y’umuvuduko n’atari ay’umuvuduko ni ingenzi cyane ku buryo sisitemu zihamye zitabasha gukora neza.

Gushyiramo imodoka nyinshi (ingendo zirenga 2.000 ku munsi) nko ku bibuga by'indege, inzira nini z'ibitaro, n'aho binjirira isoko bisaba ibikoresho bigenzura ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza inzugi nyinshi. Kuzigama ingufu gusa bivuye mu guhindura neza igihe cyo guhagarara bizagarura ikiguzi mu mezi 18-24.

Imiterere y'ibidukikije

Imiterere y'ibidukikije aho byashyizwe bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku ihitamo ry'umugenzuzi n'imashini. Ahantu hashyushye cyane (−20°C kugeza +50°C) hakenewe uburyo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa moteri no gukoresha uburyo bwo guhangana n'ubukonje. Ahantu ho ku nkombe hari umunyu mwinshi hakenera ahantu hanini hagenewe moteri n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura bifite ubuziranenge bwa IP54. Ahantu hakorerwa inganda handuye uduce duto hakenera gahunda yo gusukura sensor no kuvugurura sensor ishobora kuba infrared-sensor-to-camera-to-things kugira ngo bigabanye umubare w'ibitera imbaraga.

Ibisabwa mu guhuza

Niba sisitemu y'inzugi igomba guhuzwa na BAS isanzweho, inkunga ya protocole yo guhuza iba ari cyo gipimo cy'ibanze cyo guhitamo—gishobora kuba kirenze ibindi bisobanuro. Buri gihe mubaza amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko y'imishinga ibibazo bitatu mbere yo gutanga inama ku gice cy'ubugenzuzi: (1) Ni iyihe protocole BAS isanzweho ishyigikira? (2) Ese umucuruzi wa BAS atanga inyandiko zemewe zo guhuza ku bacunga inzugi b'abandi? (3) Ese itsinda rishinzwe gucunga inyubako ryiteguye kubungabunga no gukemura ikibazo cyo guhuza mu gihe cy'imyaka 15-20 y'imikorere ya sisitemu?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga inzugi za Microprocessor

Imwe mu nyungu z'ingenzi za sisitemu zo kugenzura inzugi zishingiye kuri microprocessors ni uko zitanga amakuru ajyanye n'isuzuma ry'ibizamini atuma habaho kubungabunga bishingiye ku miterere y'inzugi aho kuba kubungabunga bishingiye ku kalendari. Iyi mpinduka kuva ku kubungabunga hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusubiza ibintu mu buryo butunguranye kugeza ku buryo bwo kubungabunga ibintu butunguranye irimo guhindura uburyo abashinzwe gucunga inzugi bagenzura ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Porogaramu y'Ibungabunga ry'Igihembwe

Buri minsi 90, umutekinisiye w’umuhanga agomba gukora igenzura rikurikira: kugenzura uburyo sensor igenzura imiterere y’aho iherereye (ikoresheje agasanduku k’igerageza kugira ngo yemeze ko uturere dupima duhuye n’ibisabwa n’uruganda), kugenzura uburyo ihuza (kureba uburyo umukandara w’umukandara uhagaze, guhuza imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi n’uburyo umunyururu ugenda), kugenzura uburyo ihuza amashanyarazi (kwemeza ko vis za terminal block ziguma mu mutekano), no kwemeza verisiyo ya firmware (kureba niba hari amakuru mashya aboneka ku ruganda).Kubera ko icyuma gigenzura microprocessor gikomeza kubara uruziga, umutekinisiye ashobora kwemeza ko umubare w’uruziga nyarwo uhuye n’agaciro k’igihe cyo kubungabunga—niba uruziga ruri hejuru cyane cyangwa ruri munsi y’uko byari byitezwe, bishobora kugaragaza ko hari ikibazo cyo gupima sensor cyangwa ikosa rya porogaramu yo kugenzura ubwikorezi.

Isuzuma ry'Ubuzima bw'Imiterere ngarukamwaka

Rimwe mu mwaka, ndasaba isuzuma ryimbitse ry’ubuzima bwa sisitemu rikubiyemo porogaramu yo kuvugurura firmware (ivugurura ry’abakora akenshi rikubiyemo kunoza algorithm y’umutekano n’ibipimo bishya byo kwigiraho), kugenzura imiterere y’amashanyarazi ya moteri (ugereranije n’amakuru y’ibanze yo gutanga serivisi kugira ngo harebwe kwangirika kw’ingufu), no kugenzura igihe cy’inzugi nyinshi (ukoresheje oscilloscope cyangwa logic analyzer kugira ngo wemeze ko igihe cy’inzugi hagati y’inzu gisigaye mu bipimo bya ± 10ms). Iri suzuma ngarukamwaka risanzwe rifata amasaha 2-3 kuri buri muryango kandi rigura hafi RMB 800-1,200 kuri buri muryango—ubwishingizi buciriritse ku giciro kiri hejuru cyane cyo guhamagara serivisi zihutirwa no kudakora akazi mu gihe kitateganijwe.

Ikoranabuhanga rya Moteri ya DC idafite Brush24V ryahinduye byose

Impinduka kuva kuri moteri za AC brushed moteri kugeza kuri moteri za 24V BLDC muri sisitemu y'inzugi zikora ku buryo bwikora ni imwe mu mpinduka zikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga mu nganda z'inzugi mu myaka icumi ishize. Reka nsobanure impamvu ibi ari ingenzi ku mikorere n'umutwaro w'inyubako yawe.

Moteri zisanzwe za AC zakoreshwaga mu bakozi ba mbere b’inzugi zikora ku buryo bwikora zahinduye ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu ngufu za mekanike binyuze mu guteranya brush na commutator.Kubera ko uburoso bwakomeje kugenda bunyerera kuri commutator, bwakomeje kwangirika, bugatera ivumbi rya karuboni, bugatera ibyago byo gutwika ahantu hari ivumbi, kandi bugatuma igihe cyo gukora kigera ku masaha agera ku 5.000-8.000 mbere yuko uburoso buhindurwa.Mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi bikorerwamo n’abantu benshi, ibi byasobanuraga ko hakorwaga gusana moteri buri mwaka cyangwa kabiri mu mwaka—ibi bikaba byari ikiguzi gikomeye gihoraho.

Moteri ya 24V BLDC ikuraho ubushyuhe bw'uburoso burundu binyuze mu guhinduranya ikoranabuhanga. Module y'amashanyarazi y'icyuma gikoresha ikoranabuhanga (ikiraro cy'inverter cy'ibice bitatu) itera imbaraga imizunguruko ya moteri mu buryo bwiza bushingiye ku buryo sensor ihagaze neza.Kubera ko ibice byonyine byambarwa muri moteri ya BLDC ari amaberari, igihe cyo gukora cya moteri kigera ku masaha 20.000-30.000 mu bihe bisanzwe—inshuro 3-4 ugereranyije na moteri za AC zakoreshejwe.Ugereranyije n’igipimo cyo gukoresha ingufu neza kiri hagati ya 85-92% (ugereranyije na 65-75% kuri moteri zikoresha brushed AC), ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga moteri mu gihe cy’imyaka 15 gishyigikira cyane sisitemu zishingiye kuri BLDC.

Inyigo y'Umushinga Nyakuri: Urusobe rw'Inzugi z'Ibitaro bya ICU

Mu 2023, twatanze umuyoboro w’inzugi 8 uhuza ibitaro bishya i Ningbo, ukaba ari urugero rwiza rwo kugenzura inzugi za microprocessor mu buryo bw’ingenzi mu mutekano. Inzira y’ibitaro ya ICU ihuza ibyumba bine byo kwishyira mu kato n’ibice bibiri by’abarwayi—ahantu hakomeye aho gukora ku rugi bigira ingaruka ku mutekano w’abarwayi no ku mikorere yo kurwanya ubwandu.

Ibisobanuro by'umushinga byasabaga ko inzugi zose umunani zikora mu buryo buhuriweho mu gihe cy'ibikorwa bisanzwe ariko zigashobora kugenzura mu buryo bwigenga mu gihe cy'impanuka (code blue, gutabara inkongi). Ibikoresho byacu byo kugenzura bya YF150 bifite firmware yo guhuza inzugi nyinshi byujuje ibisabwa byombi: icyuma gitunganya ibikoresho cyahuzaga uburyo bwo gufungura ibintu mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe cy'ingendo zisanzwe, mu gihe agace k'igenzura ka buri rugi kemereraga kohereza amakuru mu buryo bwigenga binyuze mu buryo bwihariye bwo gushakisha amakuru mu gihe cy'impanuka.Kubera ko BAS y'ibitaro yasabaga guhuza BACnet / IP, twashyizeho ikarita y'ikintu cya BACnet cya buri tsinda rigenzura kugira ngo tugaragaze imiterere y'umuryango, umubare w'amagare, kode y'ikosa, n'imiterere y'ubutabazi bw'impanuka.—bituma umukozi ushinzwe ikigo cyita ku bageze mu za bukuru ashobora gukurikirana inzugi zose umunani akoresheje uburyo bumwe bwo gushushanya.

Nyuma y'amezi 14 ibitaro bitangiye gukora, itsinda ry'ibitaro ryatangaje ko nta serivisi zihutirwa zahamagawe zijyanye n'imiyoboro y'inzugi, umubare w'imiryango ungana na 340 ku munsi ku miryango umunani, n'amanota y'abarwayi yo kunyurwa na yo angana na 4.7/5.0 ku bijyanye no kwinjira mu nzira. Uyu mushinga ugaragaza ko sisitemu z'inzugi zigenzurwa na microprocessor, iyo zagenwe neza kandi zigashyirwaho, zitanga urwego rw'ubwirinzi rukwiriye ubucuruzi bugoye cyane.

Amakosa asanzwe yo kugena uko ibintu bimeze n'uburyo bwo kuyarinda

Mu myaka namaze nshyigikira amasoko mpuzamahanga y’imishinga yo kugura inzugi zikoresha ikoranabuhanga, nanditse amakosa menshi agaruka ku bijyanye n’imiterere yazo atuma imikorere yazo idakora neza, ingengo y’imari irenze urugero, cyangwa se umutekano ugakomeza kugabanuka.

Ikosa rya 1: Guhitamo Ibice byo Kugenzura Bishingiye ku Ingufu za Moteri Aho Guhitamo Imiterere y'Igenzura

Amakipe ashinzwe gutanga amasoko mu mishinga akunze kwibanda ku bipimo by'ingufu za moteri (urugero, "moteri ya 500W") nk'igipimo cy'ibanze cyo guhitamo. Ubu buryo buyobe cyane.Kubera ko ubushobozi bw'ishami rigenzura, ubuhanga bwa algorithm yo kwigiraho, n'imikorere yo kugenzura umutekano ari byo bigena imikorere y'igihe kirekire ya sisitemu, iyi miterere ishingiye kuri porogaramu ni ingenzi cyane kuruta ubushobozi bw'ingufu za moteri.Moteri ya A250W BLDC itwarwa na microprocessor controller y'ubwenge izarusha moteri ya 750W AC itwarwa na controller y'ibanze ya timer muri buri gipimo cy'ingenzi: gukoresha neza ingufu, ubunararibonye bw'umukoresha, umutwaro wo kubungabunga, no kubahiriza amategeko y'umutekano.

Ikosa rya 2: Utwuma tw’umutekano tudasobanutse neza ku bwinjiriro bw’imodoka nyinshi

Utwuma tw’ibanze tw’urumuri rw’amashanyarazi (infrared motion sensors) tubona ko hari ahantu runaka, ariko ntidushobora gutandukanya umuntu uhagaze mu gace k’utwuma tw’amashanyarazi (bivuze ko urugi rugomba kuguma rufunguye) n’umunyamaguru unyura aho umubiri we wahagaritse umurambararo w’urumuri (bivuze ko urugi rugomba gufungwa).Ku binjira by’abanyamaguru benshi aho inzira y’abanyamaguru iba ikomeje, sensor ihuza uburyo bwo kugenzura umuhanda—infrared motion hamwe na micro-radar—itanga uburyo bwo kumenya amarembo y’inzugi mu buryo bubiri bukenewe kugira ngo hatabaho ikibazo mu gihe hagumaho umutekano wose.Kugabanya ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho bya sensor kugira ngo uzigame RMB 200-400 kuri buri rugi ni ubukungu bw'ikinyoma bugaragara nk'ibirego bihoraho ku bakiriya no kwangirika kwihuse kw'ibikoresho bya mekanike.

Ikosa rya 3: Kwirengagiza guhuza imiryango myinshi mu miyoboro

Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura inzugi bwigenga mu ikoreshwa rya koridoro kubera ko "buri rugi ruri ku murongo warwo" byirengagiza inyungu zo gucunga inzira z'abanyamaguru zo gukora neza. Ndetse n'inzira yoroshye y'inzugi ebyiri yungukira mu guhuza imikorere hagati y'abacakara n'abayobozi: iyo urugi A rufunguye, urugi B rushobora kugumana imiterere yarwo igihe gito mbere yo kugenda ku igare, bikarinda ubusumbane bw'umuvuduko wa koridoro butera umuyaga no gukubita urugi.Kubera ko ikiguzi cyo kongeramo icyuma gipima ingufu (master controller) ku gikoresho cy’inzugi ebyiri akenshi kiba kiri hagati ya 8-12% by’ikiguzi cyose cy’urugi, ubunararibonye bw’abanyamaguru n’ingufu zikoreshwa neza bitanga igihe cyo kwishyura mu gihe kiri munsi y’imyaka ibiri.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni gute igikoresho cyo kugenzura inzugi gikoresha microprocessor gishobora kwigira ku giti cyacyo?

Igice cyo kugenzura inzugi gishingiye kuri microprocessor cyigira ku buryo bwo kwigira binyuze mu gukurikirana buri gihe imiterere y’urujya n’uruza rw’inzugi—igihe zifungurirwa, amasaha menshi, n’umuvuduko w’ibibazo—no guhindura imiyoboro ya moteri, inzira zo kwihutisha, n’intera zo guhagarara nta guhindura porogaramu n’intoki. Sisitemu ikoresha uburyo bwa exponential weighted moving average algorithm ishyira imbere amakuru aheruka, ikayifasha kwihutisha impinduka z’urujya n’uruza rw’ibihe mu gihe ikomeza gukoresha ibipimo by’ibanze bihamye by’igihe kirekire.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'urugi rugenzurwa na microprocessor n'urugi rukoresha igihe cy'ibanze?

Umukoresha w’urugi ukoresha igihe akurikiza gahunda zagenwe mbere, mu gihe igikoresho kigenzurwa na microprocessor gisubiza amakuru y’igihe nyacyo, kigakora ku buryo bufatika ku muvuduko w’amaguru, imiterere y’ibidukikije, n’imyitwarire y’abakoresha. Sisitemu zikoresha igihe ntizishobora gutandukanya igihe cy’akazi gasaba igihe kirekire cyo guhagarara n’igihe cy’ituze aho kubungabunga ingufu ari byo by’ingenzi; igikoresho kikoresha microprocessor gishobora gukora iri tandukaniro mu buryo bwikora hashingiwe ku miterere y’urujya n’uruza rw’abantu bigishijwe.

Imashini imwe igenzura urugi ishobora guhuza inzugi zingahe?

Ibyuma byinshi bigenzura inzugi za microprocessor zo mu rwego rw'ubucuruzi bishyigikira imikorere y’inzugi 2 kugeza kuri 8 icyarimwe, hakoreshejwe protocole z’itumanaho za RS-485 cyangwa CAN kugira ngo bikomeze guhuza neza igihe mu bikoresho byose bihujwe. Sisitemu zifite inzugi zirenga 8 akenshi zikenera imiterere y’urwego rw’ubuyobozi hamwe n’ibikoresho byinshi bigenzura imikorere y’inyubako.

Ni ayahe mahame y'umutekano agenga ibikoresho byo kugenzura inzugi byikora mu nyubako z'ubucuruzi?

Ibikoresho bigenzura inzugi byikora mu nyubako z'ubucuruzi bigomba kubahirizaEN 16005mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi,UL 325muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Kanada, na GB 51696 mu Bushinwa. Aya mahame ateganya gupima inzitizi, imikorere yo gusubiza inyuma mu gihe cy’impanuka, imyitwarire idahungabanyije umutekano, n’ibisabwa mu gusuzuma. Kubahiriza amategeko si amahitamo—inyubako zidafite icyemezo zishobora gutuma ubwishingizi bw’inyubako buteshwa agaciro kandi bigatera ikibazo gikomeye cyo kuryozwa.

Kuki ikoranabuhanga rya moteri ya DC idafite uburoso ya 24V rifite akamaro mu kugenzura inzugi mu buryo bwikora?

Moteri ya DC ya 24V idafite uburoso itanga ingufu nyinshi (ubusanzwe 85-92%), imara igihe kirekire (amasaha arenga 20.000 yo gukora), kandi ikora ubushyuhe buke ugereranije na moteri zisanzwe za AC, bigatuma iba nziza cyane mu gukoresha inzugi z’ubucuruzi. Umuvuduko muke kandi utuma abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga bashobora gukenera kwinjira muri moteri mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kubungabunga inzugi zigenzurwa na microprocessor zikoreshwa mu buryo bwikora?

Ibikoresho byo kugenzura inzugi byikora bya microprocessor bisaba igenzura rya buri gihembwe ry’uburyo sensor ikora, igenzura ry’imibanire y’ibyuma n’umukandara w’umukandara kabiri mu mwaka, hamwe n’ivugurura rya firmware buri mwaka kugira ngo algorithme zo kwigiraho zikomeze kunozwa. Urutonde rw’ibikoresho byo gusuzuma byubatswe muri iki gikoresho rutuma abatekinisiye bamenya ibibazo biri kuvuka mbere yuko bitera ibibazo bya sisitemu, bigatuma habaho guhinduka kuva ku buryo bwo kwirinda ibintu butunguranye kugeza ku buryo bwo kubisuzuma.

Ese ibikoresho byo kugenzura inzugi bya microprocessor bishobora guhuzwa na sisitemu zikora mu buryo bwikora (BAS)?

Yego, ibikoresho bigezweho byo kugenzura inzugi bya microprocessor bishyigikira protocole zo guhuza Modbus RTU, BACnet, na TCP / IP, bigatuma habaho itumanaho ritagoramye na sisitemu z’ubwubatsi zikora mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo habeho igenzura rusange, ibikorwa biteganyijwe, no gufunga byihutirwa. Mu gihe ugena uburyo bwo guhuza BAS, jya wemeza buri gihe inkunga ya protocole kandi wandike inyandiko ku ikarita n’uruganda rushinzwe kugenzura inzugi ndetse n’ugurisha BAS mbere yo kurangiza ibisabwa.

Umwanzuro: Urugi rw'ubwenge nirwo rusanzwe ubu

Guhindura kuva ku bikoresho bikoresha igihe (time-based) kugeza ku bikoresho bikoresha microprocessor (microprocessor) si iterambere ry’akataraboneka—ni impinduka isanzwe mu nganda abakora inyubako batagishoboye kuyitinza.Kubera ko ikoranabuhanga ryo kwiyigisha rigabanya burundu imyanda y’ingufu, rigabanya kwangirika kw’imashini, rikarinda ingaruka z’umutekano, kandi rigatanga amakuru y’uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibintu, itandukaniro ry’ikiguzi cy’umutungo hagati y’ibikoresho by’ubwenge n’ibikoresho by’ibanze ryabaye ryiza cyane ku bikoresho by’ubwenge.

Waba urimo gushyiraho inzugi z'inyubako nshya y'ubucuruzi, waba urimo gusuzuma inzira yo kuvugurura inzugi zishaje, ishoramari mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura rishingiye kuri microprocessors rifite ishingiro bitewe n'imikorere, umutekano, n'inyungu zo kubungabunga ritanga mu gihe cyose cyo gushyiraho.

AtNingbo Yufan Beifan Automatic Door Co., Ltd., twibanda ku gukora ibikoresho byo kugenzura inzugi byikora na moteri 24V zidafite uburoso za DC zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi, mu nzego za leta no mu nganda ku isi yose. Itsinda ryacu ry’abahanga rifasha abakwirakwiza ibicuruzwa n’abakiriya batanga amasoko y’imishinga hamwe n’ibisobanuro bya tekiniki, inyandiko zijyanye n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa, hamwe n’ibisubizo byihariye bya OEM/ODM.Niba ufite umushinga ukeneye ibikoresho by’ubwenge byo kugenzura inzugi bifite ubushobozi bwo kwiyigisha no guhuza inzugi nyinshi, twandikire—dukunze gusubiza ubutumwa mpuzamahanga mu masaha 24.

Kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku bijyanye n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa byacu, surakataloge y'ibicuruzwa by'inzugi byikoracyangwa gushakishaYF150 ikoresha amarembo anyerera yikoraku bipimo bya tekiniki byihariye.