Uburyo bwo guhitamo Sensor nziza y'urugi rwikora kugira ngo rugire umutekano kandi rukore neza

• Sensoreri nziza y’urugi ikora ku buryo bwikora si yo ifite ubushobozi bwo kumva cyane; ni iyo ikoreshwa mu gupima aho urugi rugana, aho rufunguye, n’aho rufunga.
• Ibikoresho byo gupima inzugi bifite infrared ni byo bikomeye cyane mu kurinda umutekano w’aho biri, mu gihe ibyo gupima muri mikoroonde birushaho gukomera mu gukoresha iyo uri kure.
• Imishinga y'ubucuruzi igomba kugenzura ibipimo ngenderwaho, imiterere y'aho ishyirwa, kudakora neza kw'imashini, no guhuza na moteri cyangwa imashini ifungura inzugi yikora.
• Ku bitaro, ibiro, n'abinjira mu maduka, sisitemu y'ibikoresho by'umutekano ifite inzego zitandukanye akenshi itanga umutekano n'imikorere myiza kurusha sensor imwe.

Sensoreri y’urugi ikora ku buryo bwikora ni kimwe mu bice bito cyane muri sisitemu yo kwinjira, ariko ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano, ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, n’urujya n’uruza rw’imodoka. Mu kwinjira mu bucuruzi, sensoreri ikora ibirenze gufungura urugi; ifasha kugenzura igihe cyo kubamo, kugabanya ibyago byo kugongana, no gutuma moteri cyangwa imashini ifungura urugi ikora mu buryo bwikora mu gihe cyagenwe. Ku nyubako zibanda ku kwinjira, imikorere ya sensoreri igira ingaruka ku kuba umuryango ukomeza gukoreshwa n’abakoresha amagare y’abamugaye n’abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kugenda, ikibazo gikomeye muriISO 21542n'amabwiriza y'Ikigo gishinzwe uburenganzira bwo kugera ku bantu muri Amerika kuriaccess-board.govNiba ugereranya sensor y'urugi rwa infrared, micro-detector, cyangwa sisitemu y'umutekano ya hybrid, amahitamo meza ni ayo ajyanye n'ubwoko bw'urugi, imikorere y'imodoka, n'imiterere nyayo y'imodoka aho kugereranya igiciro gito cyane.

Uburyo sensor y'umuryango ikora yikora igira ingaruka ku mutekano no ku mikorere myiza

Sensore nziza y’urugi ikora yikora yongera umutekano n’umuvuduko w’amazi binyuze mu gutandukanya imirimo ibiri: kuyikoresha no kuyirinda. Sensore zikora zimenya kwegera zikabwira umukozi gufungura urugi, mu gihe sensore zikora umutekano zimenya abantu cyangwa ibintu biri mu muryango kandi zikarinda gufunga igihe umupaka uriho. Iryo gabanywa rifite akamaro kuko urugi rufunguka bitinze rubabaza abakoresha, ariko urugi rufunze hakiri kare rutera ibyago byo gukomereka no kugira uruhare mu mikorere.

Mu buryo bufatika, kwinjira mu bucuruzi bishobora kubona uruziga amagana cyangwa ibihumbi ku munsi, bityo guhagarara kw'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa sensor ni ingenzi kimwe n'umuvuduko. Sisitemu z'inzugi zikora zikoresha ikoranabuhanga akenshi zikorwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu biro, mu maduka, mu mavuriro no mu bitaro, aho gufungura no gufunga kenshi byongera imiterere mibi, urusaku rw'ibimenyetso, cyangwa imiterere mibi yo kubimenya. Ku rwego rw'umushinga, sensor igomba gukorana na moteri y'inzugi ikora, logique yo kugenzura, n'ibikoresho by'inzugi nk'uburyo bumwe. Niba urimo gushyiraho paki yuzuye yo kwinjira, bifasha gusuzuma imiryango y'ibicuruzwa bihuye nkaagafunguzo k'urugi gakoresha uburyo bworoshye bwo kuzunguruka, agafunguzo k'urugi gafunguka mu buryo bwikora, naibikoresho byikora ku muryangobityo sensor na sisitemu ya disiki bitoranywa hamwe aho gushyirwaho nyuma.

Sensor y'urugi rwa infrared vs microwave detector: ni iyihe ijyanye n'umuryango wawe?

Ikoranabuhanga rikwiye rya sensor rishingira ku kuba ukeneye kumenya aho uri, kumenya aho ugana, cyangwa byombi. Ibikoresho bya sensor by’umuryango bya infrared birakomeye mu kumenya ibintu biri mu gace runaka kegereye umuryango, bigatuma biba ingirakamaro mu kurinda impande z’umuryango, kurinda urwego rw’imbere, no kumenya neza hafi y’ikibabi. Sensore za micro-onde cyangwa radar zirushaho kumva neza uko ibintu bigenda uri kure, ibi bikaba bifasha urugi kwikora mbere yuko umukoresha agera ku rwego rw’imbere.

Iryo tandukaniro niyo mpamvu abinjira benshi mu bucuruzi bakoresha sisitemu yo gupima umutekano ivanze. Umuyoboro wa mikoroonde ucunga itegeko rifunguye, naho umuyoboro wa infrared urinda agace gafunga. Ubu buryo bufite umwihariko mu bitaro, ku bibuga by'indege, mu maduka, no mu biro aho abakoresha bagenda ku muvuduko utandukanye kandi bashobora gutwara imizigo, amagare, amagare, cyangwa ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu.

Kugira ngo abantu bagere ku buryo bworoshye kandi bagire umutekano, igishushanyo mbonera cy'inzugi kigomba kuba gishingiye ku nguni zo kwinjira, ubugari busobanutse, n'umwanya wo kuyobora. Amahame ya ADA yo gushushanya ahantu hashobora kugera abantu ku buryo bworoshye muriada.govnaaccess-board.govtanga imiterere yagutse, mu gihe sensor ubwayo igomba guhindurwa hakurikijwe imiterere nyayo y'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu. Ibyo bivuze ko sensor igezweho cyane atari yo mahitamo meza mu buryo bwikora niba ahantu ho gushakisha ari hanini cyane, hato cyane, cyangwa hari aho umuntu ashobora kubona amakuru.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo sensor nziza y'urugi rwawe ijyanye n'ubwoko bw'urugi rwawe

Sensoreri nziza y’urugi ihita itoranywa hakurikijwe ubwoko bw’urugi, ntabwo itoranywa hakurikijwe urutonde rw’ibintu. Urugi runyerera, urugi rwo kuzunguruka, n’irembo ry’ikirahure rihinduka buri kimwe gisaba uburinganire butandukanye bw’imiterere y’urugi, aho rushyirwa, n’uburyo bwo kugenzura. Mu mishinga myinshi, ibibazo bya mbere bigomba kuba uburemere bw’urugi, ubugari bw’urugi, inshuro zo gufungura, n’umwanya uhari wo gushyiramo.

Ku nzugi zigenda zihindagurika, sensor zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zikenera ahantu hanini ho gupima abantu begera mu mpande zitandukanye. Ku nzugi zigenda zihindagurika, sensor igomba kubahiriza inzira yo guhindagurika kugira ngo urugi rudakinguka cyangwa ngo rufunge umuntu uhagaze hafi cyane y'umurongo uzenguruka. Ku nzugi z'ibirahure zikoresha ikoranabuhanga, guhuza urwego rw'izuba ni ingenzi cyane kuko ubuso bubonerana bushobora guteza ibibazo byo kugarura urumuri cyangwa gushyiraho imbogamizi.

Iyo urubuga rumaze gukoresha paki yuzuye y’umukoresha, imikorere iba ari yo yungurura ry’ibanze. Sensor ikora neza ku mpapuro ishobora kunanirwa niba igihe cyo kugenzura, uburemere bw’urugi, n’umuvuduko wo gufunga bidahuye. Niyo mpamvu guhitamo sensor hamwe n’umuryango w’umukoresha w’urugi, nk’imashini ifungura urugi ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga cyangwa imashini ifungura urugi ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga, akenshi bitanga umusaruro mwiza kuruta guhitamo sensor nk’igice cyihariye.

Ibisabwa kuri sisitemu y'umutekano yo kugenzura imikorere y'ibigo by'ubucuruzi

Sisitemu yo gupima umutekano igomba kwemezwa nk'igice cy'umuryango wose, ntabwo ari igice cyihariye. Impamvu ni iyoroshye: sensor imenya neza ariko ikavugana buhoro cyane, cyangwa umukozi ufunga vuba cyane ku gice cy'icyuma, agakomeza guteza ibyago. Ku binjira mu bucuruzi, sisitemu igomba gutegurwa hakurikijwe uburyo bwo kwirinda kwangirika, guhuza neza akarere, no gutanga igisubizo neza.

Ibiteganijwe ku musaruro bigomba kandi kugaragaza amahame yemewe.ISO 13849-1ireba ibice by'umutekano by'uburyo bwo kugenzura, mu giheIEC 62061ikubiyemo umutekano w’imikorere y’uburyo bwo kugenzura imashini. Nubwo inzugi zikora zidasa n’iz’inganda, aya mahame ni ingenzi mu gihe abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga basuzuma uburyo bwo kugenzura bwizewe, uburyo bwo gucunga amakosa y’ibikoresho, n’uburyo bwo kugabanya ibyago. Igitekerezo cy’ingenzi ni uko umutekano udakwiye gushingira ku gace kamwe gusa.

Ikindi gipimo gifatika ni uburyo bworoshye bwo kwinjira no gukoresha. Ikigo gishinzwe uburenganzira bwo kwinjira muri Amerika kivuga ko inzira zoroshye zo kwinjiramo n'imfuruka z'inzugi bigomba gutuma habaho inzira yoroshye yo kwinjiramo, ibi bikaba bishimangira ko hakenewe ahantu ho gupima umuntu kabone n'iyo yaba agenda buhoro, ahagaze hagati mu gice cy'inyuma, cyangwa yegereye akoresheje ibikoresho bimufasha. Ikigo gishinzwe uburenganzira bwo kwinjira mu nzugi gifite infrared gikunze kunoza ubu buryo kuko gishobora gukomeza kubona aho umuntu ari mu gihe cyo gufunga bikomeye.

1. Genzura uburyo bwo kumenya aho umuntu anyura ku muvuduko uteganijwe wo kugenda.
2. Gerageza agace kazafungirwamo ukoresheje umuntu uhagaze, amagare y'abamugaye, n'igare rinini.
3. Emeza ko sensor idakora imyenge itari yo iturutse ku muhanda uri hafi aho.
4. Genzura ko ikimenyetso kidahinduka mu gihe cy'urumuri, urumuri, n'ikirere bitandukanye.
5. Andika imiterere ya nyuma yo kubungabunga no gusimbuza mu gihe kizaza.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho bigufasha kugereranya amahitamo y'ibikoresho byo gupima inzugi byikora

Imibare ni ingenzi kuko abakoresha inzugi babona gutinda, ibyago byo kugongana, n'icyuho cy'ibibazo mbere yuko babona amazina y'ibigo. Uburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo sensor bugomba kugereranya agaciro gashobora gupimwa nko kumenya aho ibintu biherereye, igihe cyo gusubiza, uburebure bwo gushyiraho, n'umuvuduko w'umukoresha w'urugi. Urugero, sisitemu z'urugi zishobora kugerwaho akenshi zibanda ku bugari buhagije busobanutse neza no kumenya uburyo buhamye bwo kwinjira kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kwakira intebe y'abamugaye cyangwa igikoresho cyo kugenda adahatiye umukoresha guhagarika cyangwa kongera kwegera.

Indangagaciro zimwe na zimwe zituruka ku bipimo ngenderwaho n'imikorere y'ubuhanga ihamye. Urwego rw'igishushanyo mbonera cya ISO 21542 rukunze gukoreshwa hamwe n'uburyo bwo kunyuramo busobanutse neza no kugenzura, mu gihe inzira yo kwinjira n'ibipimo by'umwanya wo guhindukira bigenwa mu buyobozi bwo kugera aho bigenwa n'uwakoze sensor. Kuri sensor ubwayo, itsinda ry'umushinga rigomba kwandika intera nyayo ifunguye, aho gupima, n'igihe cyo gusubiza mu gihe cyo gutangira gukora aho gutekereza ko imiterere ya catalog ihagije.

Niba umushinga ukeneye ikoranabuhanga ryo kwinjira mu buryo bworoshye, huza isuzuma rya sensor n'ibipimo bya drive y'urugi. Injeniyeri nyinshi zitangirira ku gifunguzi, hanyuma zigasanga aho sensor iherereye hatajyanye n'ihindagurika ry'amababi.agafunguzo k'urugi gakoresha uburyo bworoshye bwo kuzungurukaamahitamo ari kumwe na sensor birinda ko ibyo bidahuye kandi bigabanya igihe cyo gutangira gukora.

Amakosa akunze kugaragara mu guhitamo n'uburyo bwo kuyarinda

Ikosa rihenze cyane rya sensor ni ukutagura igikoresho kibi; ni ugushyiramo igikoresho cyiza gifite imiterere idakwiye. Sensor idahuye ishobora gutera ibibazo byinshi, gutinda gufunga, cyangwa imyitwarire idahwitse yo gufunga, byose byongera ibibazo byo gusana no kwinubira abakoresha.

Ikosa rya kabiri rikunze kugaragara ni ukwirengagiza ibidukikije bikikije. Ikirahure gishyushye, hasi hasukuye, izuba ryinshi, imvura, umwuka wa HVAC, n'abagenzi banyura hafi y'aho byose bishobora guhindura imikorere ya sensor. Ikosa rya gatatu ni uguhitamo sensor hatabayeho kugenzura niba ihari yo kuyisimbura n'uko ihuye n'icyitegererezo, cyane cyane mu mishinga yo kuyivugurura cyangwa kuyisana aho igihe cyo kuyihagarika ari ingenzi kuruta igiciro cya mbere cyo kuyigura.

• Ntugakoreshe sensor yagutse aho hakenewe agace gato k'umurongo.
• Ntugashyireho sensa y'urugi rwa infrared utabanje kwemeza ubuso bugarura urumuri bukikije umuryango.
• Ntukirengagize igihe cyo kugenzura iyo ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura cyangwa gufunga.
• Ntugatekereze ko sensor ikora ku rugi rwo kuzunguruka izakora nk'uko ikora ku rugi rwo kuzunguruka.
• Ntukirengagize igeragezwa rikorwa mu buryo bufatika n'amagare y'abamugaye, amagare y'abamugaye, n'abakoresha imodoka zigenda buhoro.

Amahitamo meza ya sensor ukurikije porogaramu: ibitaro, ibiro, ubucuruzi, no gutunganya

Uburyo bwiza bwo guhindura urugi rwikora hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga. Irembo ry’ibitaro rifite agaciro gake, rishobora kugaragara neza kandi rigatuma abantu baguma mu rugo. Inzu ikorerwamo ibiro ikenera uburinganire mu mutekano no mu buryo bworoshye bwo gusura. Iduka ricuruza rishobora gushyira imbere gufungura vuba no kuramba mu gihe cy’amasaha menshi. Umushinga wo gutunganya urugi akenshi ushyira imbere guhuza n’aho ruherereye, inzira y’insinga, n’umukoresha.

Mu bitaro no mu mavuriro, sensor y’umuryango ya infrared iri kumwe na sisitemu ikomeye yo kugenzura umutekano ikunze kuba nziza kuko abantu bashobora kugenda buhoro cyangwa bagakoresha ibikoresho byo kugenda. Mu minara y’ibiro, guhuza sensor yo gukoresha mikoroonde n’icyuma gipima aho umuntu ari bishobora gutuma amazi agenda neza mu gihe cyo kugera ahantu henshi. Mu mavuriro, abakora akazi bakunze kwita cyane ku buryo bwo gufungura neza no kwihanganira amagare kuko imodoka zishobora kwiyongera cyane umunsi wose.

Ku mishinga yo kongera gutunganya, ni ngombwa kugenzura imiterere ya sisitemu yagutse, harimo n'urupapuro rw'ibikoresho byikora ku muryango ruri kuriibikoresho byikora ku muryangoUdukingirizo, ibikoresho byo kugenzura, ibikoresho byo gushyiraho, n'ibikoresho by'umutekano bishobora kugira akamaro nk'uko icyuma gipima ubwacyo kibikora iyo intego ari ukugabanya igihe cyo gushyiraho no kugumana imiterere yacyo ya mbere.

Urutonde rw'ibikoresho byo gukora icyuma gipima urugi cyikora cyikora

Gukoresha sensor niho sensor iba sisitemu ifite umutekano. Igikoresho gisa neza mu gasanduku gishobora gukora nabi niba uburebure, inguni, ubushobozi bwo gupima, cyangwa igihe cyo gufunga bidakwiye. Uburyo bwiza ni ukugenzura urugi mu bihe nyabyo, atari mu gihe cy'ikizamini gito gusa.

1. Emeza ubwoko bw'urugi, icyerekezo cyo gufungura, n'icyitegererezo cy'umukoresha.
2. Shyiraho agace ko gutahura aho ugiye kugera, aho ugiye kwinjira, n'aho ufungira.
3. Ikizamini kiri kumwe n'umuntu mukuru ugenda n'amaguru, umukoresha w'ibimuga, intebe y'abana, n'igare rinini.
4. Reba niba hari urumuri rw'ikirere, aho imodoka zinyura, n'urumuri rw'izuba ruhagarara.
5. Hindura igihe cyo gusubiza no gutinda gufungura kugira ngo bihuze n'ikoreshwa nyaryo.
6. Andika imiterere ya nyuma y'ibikorwa byo kubungabunga no kugenzura ibizaba mu gihe kizaza.

Urwo rutonde rw'ibintu runashyigikira amatsinda yo kubungabunga. Iyo igenamiterere ry'umwimerere ryafashwe amajwi, sensor isimbura ishobora gushyirwaho vuba kandi igatunganywa neza mu buryo buteganyijwe, ibyo bigatuma igihe cyo gukora mu kwinjira kw'imodoka nyinshi kigabanuka. Mu mishinga myinshi, ikiguzi nyacyo cyo kubungabunga gituruka ku gukosora ibibazo kenshi aho kuba ibikoresho bya sensor ubwabyo.

Icyo ibipimo ngenderwaho bisobanura mu guhitamo sensor no kwemeza umushinga

Amahame ntaguhitiramo sensor, ariko agena ibibazo ugomba gusubiza mbere yo kwemezwa.ISO 13849-1bifasha itsinda gutekereza ku buryo bwo kugenzura no kunanirwa, mu giheISO 21542Ishyigikira ibyemezo byo gushushanya inzugi ku buryo bworoshye gukoreshwa. Ku mishinga yo kwinjira muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ubuyobozi bwa ADA butangwa n'Ikigo gishinzwe kwinjira no gutanga serivisi z'ubutabera bwongeraho ibyo abantu biteze ku buryo bworoshye gukoreshwa n'inzira zoroshye gukoreshwa.

Ingaruka ku baguzi ni ntoya: sensor ihendutse idashobora kwemezwa ukurikije intego z'umutekano n'uburyo inyubako ikora si ikiguzi gito cyane. Icyemezo gikomeye cyo kugura kireba sensor, umukoresha, ibikoresho byo kugenzura uburyo inyubako ikora, n'imiterere y'aho ikorera nk'uburyo bumwe buhuriweho. Ibyo ni ingenzi cyane cyane iyo ibikoresho by'inzugi bigomba gusuzumwa n'amatsinda atandukanye uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Niba umushinga wawe urimo kugenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira, tekereza uburyo sensor izakorana n'abasomyi, ingufuri, n'abagenzura. Gutegura neza kwinjira bigabanya amakimbirane hagati y'uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano n'uburyo bwo gucunga umutekano, ari nayo mpamvu imishinga myinshi isuzuma ipaki yose y'inzugi mbere yo kugura aho kugura ibice kimwe kimwe.

Inama ya nyuma: uburyo bwo guhitamo sensor nziza y'umuryango yikora

Sensore nziza y’urugi rwikora ni iyo ijyanye n’umuryango winjira, ikarinda umukoresha, kandi igakomeza kuba mu buryo buhamye mu gihe cy’urujya n’uruza rw’imodoka nyarwo. Ku mishinga myinshi y’ubucuruzi, igisubizo cyiza ni sisitemu y’ikoranabuhanga rihuza uburyo bwo kugenzura umutekano ikoresha mikoroonde kugira ngo imenye uburyo bwo kugera no kurinda infrared kugira ngo iboneke. Ku bitaro n’amavuriro, shyira imbere uburinzi bw’umurongo n’uburyo bwo kugera ku bantu. Ku biro no ku maduka, shyira imbere uburyo bwo gukora bwizewe, udukoresho duto tworoshye, kandi byoroshye guhuza na moteri cyangwa ifungura ry’urugi ryikora.

Mbere yo kugura, gereranya ubwoko bw'urugi, ingano y'imodoka zigenda, aho zishyirwa, n'uburyo bwo kugenzura buhuye. Hanyuma genzura neza uburyo bwa nyuma ukoresheje isuzuma nyaryo ry'uburyo bwo kunyuramo hamwe n'amahame ngenderwaho akurikizwa. Niba ukeneye kandi ipaki y'umukoresha, banza usuzume icyiciro cy'inzira y'urugi hanyuma uhuze na sensor, aho guhatira sensor kwishyura ifungura ritagenwe neza. Ubwo buryo butuma abantu batabahamagara, ubunararibonye bwiza bw'abakoresha, kandi muri rusange bakinjira neza.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni iyihe sensor nziza y'umuryango yikora ku miryango y'ubucuruzi?

Uburyo bwiza bwo gupima inzugi bwikora ku miryango y’ubucuruzi ni uburyo buvanze buhuza uburyo bwo kumenya aho ziherereye n’uburyo zirinda ko zigaragara. Ubu buryo ni bwiza kurusha uburyo bwo gupima inzugi imwe kuko bushobora gufungura umuryango neza kandi bugakomeza kurinda urwego rw’inyuma mu gihe cyo gufunga.

Ese sensor y'urugi rwa infrared ni nziza kurusha sensor ya microwave?

Sensoreri y'urugi rwa infrared ni nziza mu kumenya neza aho uri hafi y'umuryango, mu gihe sensoreri ya microwave ari nziza mu kumenya aho uri kure. Mu mishinga myinshi, umusaruro mwiza uturuka mu gukoresha byombi hamwe.

Nigute nahitamo sisitemu yo gupima umutekano ku muryango unyerera?

Hitamo sisitemu yo kumenya umutekano uhuza aho ubonye n'ubugari bw'umuryango, uburyo imodoka zigenda, n'inzira yo gufunga. Hanyuma gerageza sisitemu ukoresheje abakoresha nyabo, amagare, n'amagare y'abamugaye kugira ngo urebe neza ko umupaka ukirinzwe.

Ese sensor imwe ishobora gukora haba mu kuyikoresha no mu mutekano?

Hari sensor zimwe na zimwe zishobora gukora byombi, ariko inzira nyinshi zo kwinjira mu bucuruzi zikora neza iyo gushyiramo ingufu n'umutekano bitandukanyijwe. Imikorere yo gutandukanya ibyuma akenshi igabanya ibintu bitari byo kandi ikanoza uburinzi bwo gufunga.

Ni ibihe bipimo ngomba kugenzura mbere yo kugura sensor y'umuryango yikora?

IgenzuraISO 13849-1ku bijyanye n'umutekano wa sisitemu yo kugenzura,ISO 21542ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'igishushanyo mbonera, hamwe n'ubuyobozi bujyanye na ADA buturukaada.gov.

Kuki sensara z'inzugi zikora zigatera imyobo itari yo?

Uduce twihishe dukunze guturuka ku buryo budakora neza, ahantu hagaragara neza, aho imodoka zinyura, cyangwa uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona ibintu. Gusubiramo aho hantu haboneka no kugenzura imiterere y'aho hantu akenshi bikemura ikibazo.

Ese nagombye kubanza kugura sensor cyangwa umukoresha wuzuye w’urugi?

Ku mishinga myinshi, banza usuzume paki yose y’umukoresha w’inzugi wikora hanyuma uhitemo sensor ijyanye nayo. Ibi bigabanya ibibazo byo guhuza imikorere y’imashini kandi bikoroha kuyikoresha.